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| Common Name | Scientific Name | Category | General Description | Native American Use | Habitat |
| All-Heal, Heal-All, Self-Heal, Selfheal, Heart of the Earth | Prunella vulgari |
Medicinal Plants |
Low perenial; to 1 ft. Leaves oval to lance-shaped; mostly smooth; opposite, on a weakly squared stem. Blue to Purple flowers crowded on a terminal head; hooded, with a fringed lower lip; May-September. | Also used for food - vegetable, beverage. | Waste places. Eurasian alien. Old Fields: lawns, roadsides. |
| Amaranth, Grain, Love-lies-bleeding, Kiwicha (kee-wee-cha) | Amaranthus caudatus | Grain | A staple grain of the Incas, Aztecs, and other Pre-Columbian people. Grows vigourously, tolerates, drought, heat and pests, and adapts readily to new environments. One of the prettiest crops on earth, its broad leaves, stems, and flowers-purple, red, gold - create firey fields that blaze across mountainsides. Grains are scarcely bigger than poppy seeds, one plant produces sometimes more than 100,000 grains. They are flavorful, and when popped, produce a crunchy, white product that tastes like nutty popcorn. High in nutritional value, they are rich in protein. | Generally: Used as snacks, cold cereal, in sweets, as flour, as breading. Used for food - vegetable, winter use. | South American, Andes. |
| Anemone, Candle, Prairie thimbleweed, Thimbleweed, Cottonweed, Long-headed Anemone | Anemone cylindrica | Medicinal Plants | A perennial, candle anemone grows as small groups of stems up to 2 feet tall from a thick caudex (swollen, toughened stem base). Many of the highly dissected leaves arise on long petioles from the base, but another set of leaves is found at about 2/3rds the height of the plant. From this set grow 1 to 5 long stalks, each with a greenish-white flower about 3/4 inch wide. By fall, the stalks bear cottony fruit heads about 1 to 2 inches long. Fruits are white-wooly achenes. Erect, herbaceous perennial, 3 - 10 dm.; flowering June - August; fruiting July - September. Superficially resembles A. virginiana and A. canadensis. A. cylindrica has a cylindrical fruit head and 3 - 10 involucral leaves, which are petioled. A. virginiana has an ovoid fruit head and rarely more than 3 involucral leaves, also petioled. A. canadensis has sessile involucral leaves. Blooms May to August,; 5 white petal-like sepals. Tall, slender, hairy plant with divided leaves. Fruit is thimble-shaped up to 1 1/2 in. | Also used for: Good luck charm. | Dry open woods and slopes, prairies, sandy ridges, quarries, and roadsides. Maine to B.C., south to NJ, OH, MO, and AZ. Look for candle anemone in lightly or moderately grazed native prairie. The occurrence of more plants under these conditions may mostly be related to increased soil moisture, as the species seems to be little used by livestock. Pine Forest: prairies, dry hillsides, woods, and inland sands. |
| Aster, Hairy Gold, Hairy Golden Aster, Prairie Golden-Aster | Chrysopsis villosa | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; recumbent, with tips of branches rising 6 to 20 inches, Flowers: July - September. Hair on the leaves gives the plant a grayish-green cast. | Occurs in open, sandy upland sites. | |
| Aster, New England Aster, Large Blue Aster | Aster novae-angliae | Medicinal Plants | Hairey stemed perennial; 3-7 ft. The most showy wild aster in our area. Leaves lance-shaped, without teeth; clasping stem. Flowers deeper violet than most Asters, with up to 100 rays. August - October. Bracts sticky. Numerous (50-100) pink to deep-purple ray flowers (petal-like flowers on the outside of the composite head) and a center of orange disk flowers (tiny flowers in the center). 2 - 4 ft. with hairy stem, with numerous clasping leaves. | Generally: A root tea for diarrhea, fevers. | Moist meadows, thickets. Southern Canada, Maine to uplands of N.C., Ark., Kans., Colo. to N.D. Prairie: occurs in clumps in open habitats like mesic or wet prairies, thickets or meadows. |
| Avens, Water Avens, Purple Avens | Geum rivale | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 1 - 2 ft. Basal leavs much divided, leaflets toothed, outermost one largest; stem leaves divided into 3 parts. Nodding, dull reddish (rarely yellow) globular flowers, mostly in 3's. May - Aug. | Bogs, most ground. Labrador to W. Va., Minnesota west to B.C. | |
| Baptisia, Wild Indigo, Blue False Indigo | Baptisia australis | Medicinal Plants | Smooth perennial; 3 - 5 ft. Leaves thrice-divided, cloverlike; leaflets obovate (wider at tips). Deep blue to violet flower, to 1 in. long on erect racemes; April - June. | Generally: Root tea as emetic and purgative; cold tea goven to stop vomiting. Root poulticed as an anti-inflamatory. Held in mouth to treat toothaches. Also used as blue dye. | Open woods, forest margins, thickets. Pa to Ga., Texas to Okla., Neb., south to Indiana. |
| Bean, Aztec (Hopi) | Phaseolus coccineus | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - corn bread, dried, soup, vegetable; Ceremonial item. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Black Tepary (Hopi) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, Brown Bean (Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well - drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Brown Lima (Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Brown Tepary (Papago) | Phaseolus actifolius | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. | Southwest. | |
| Bean, Brown Tepary (Pima) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, Common | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common (Anasazi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common Culler "Cow Bean" (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, 800 Year Old Cave | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Black and White Speckled (Seminole) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Black Turtle | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as Food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Blue Dye (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Brejo | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as Food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Cut Bean Gray and Red Mottled | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder, Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Four Corners | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Frejol Bean | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Annual. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | |
| Bean, Common, Golden Red Eye | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Great White Northern | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Kidney Bean, Yellow Bean (Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as Food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Maine Yellow Eye | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Picuris (Pima-Papago) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Pinto (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Puppy (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Rabbit | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Red Bean (Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well - drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Red Pinto, Calico (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Red, Black, and White Mottled Bean (Seneca) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Shield Figure (Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Trail of Tears, (Cherokee) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, White String (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Yellow (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Yellow Bean (Arikara Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Yellow Bean (Hopi) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Yellow Eye Six Nations | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Common, Yellow Women's | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Dry Pole (Mennonite) | Phaseolus sp | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Great Northern ( Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Great Northern (Mandan? Hidatsa?) | Phaseolus vulgaris or hybrid | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Haba, Fava Bean, Faba bean, Horse bean, English bean, Windsor bean, Haba, Tick bean, Cold bean, Silkworm bean | Vicia faba | Bean | Plants are erect annuals reaching 2 to 4 feet and very leafy. Pods are large and thick, 2 inches up to a foot or more in length. Seeds are large and flat. They are used as green-shell, the seeds removed from the pod before maturity, or as dry beans. They are also used as feed for livestock. | Cooked vegetables and stock feed. | This type of bean is very important as a cool - season crop in Mediterranean areas and in cool regions of Europe, but is grown to only a limited extent in the U.S. |
| Bean, Lima | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Lima (Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Lima (Papago) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Lima (Pima-Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Lima (Pima) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Lima (Potawatomi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Purple Lima (Pima-Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Red Lima (Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Red Lima (Seneca) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food-bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial item. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Red Pole (Mandan) | Phaseolus sp | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5-6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Scarlet Runner | Phaseolus coccineus | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food-corn bread, dried, soup, vegetable; Ceremonial item. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Shield Bean (Mandan) | Phaseolus vulgaris | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - vegetable, bean bread, soup, winter use, corn bread, dried, fodder; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, Tepary | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, Tepary (Hopi) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, US | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, US Tepary | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, White Lima (Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bean, White Tepary (Hopi) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3 1/2 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food-vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, White Tepary (Papago) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, Wild Tepary (Pima-Papago) | Phaseolus acutifolius | Bean | Wild tepary beans are viny, up to 10 feet long, enabling it to climb desert shrubs. The pointed trifoliate leaves are about the size of lima bean leaves. The pods are short, about 3 inches long, slightly hairy, and green. Later, the pods dry to a light straw color. Seeds, usually five or six per pod, vary in color but commonly are buff colored, flat, and resemble a small butterbean or navy bean. These are beans that ripen prior to harvest and are threshed dry from the pods. Only the ripe seeds are marketed. Four main types are grown as follows: Medium type includes Pinto, Great Northern, Sutter, Pink Bayo, and Small Red or Mexican Red; Pea or Navy; Kidney; and Marrow. Seeds vary in size from about 1/3 inch long in the pea or navy bean to 3/4 inch in the Kidney. All plants are of bush type. They are usually cut or pulled when most pods are ripe, then vines and pods. Season, bloom to harvest: 3 to 3.5 months. | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used for food - vegetable, winter use; Ceremonial. | Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico and long grown by the Indians there. It is highly heat and drought resistant, but eating quality is less desirable than P. vulgaris. Culture is similar to that of other dry or field beans. |
| Bean, Yellow Flour (Hopi) | Phaseolus lunatus (sieva) | Bean | Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Used as food - bean brean, soup, vegetable, winter use, corn bread, dried; Ceremonial. | Beans grow in a wide range of soils and full sun. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, and friable or crumbly so seedling emergence is not inhibited. Avoid extremely acid soils with a pH less than 5.5. A pH of 5.5 - 6.5 is recommended for growing beans. | |
| Bearberry, Uva-Ursi, Kinnikinnick, Common Bearberry | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Medicinal Plants | Trailing shrub; bark fine-hairy. Leavs shiny-leathery, spatula-shaped. White, urn-shaped; May - July. Dry red berry. Prostrate, evergreen shrub that forms mats; reddish-brown upright branches reach 7 in. Alternate, leathery leaves are oval or paddle shaped, with the broadest part above the middle. In May and June the bell-shaped, pink to white flowers bloom, crowded at the tips of branches in clusters. Dry, red berry-like fruit matures in August - September. | Generally: Berries were cooked with meat as a seasoning, the root was smoked in a pipe to attract game, an infusion of the pounded plant was used as a wash for rheumatism and for general illnesses, and the leaves were smoked to relieve headaches. Also used as food: dried, fruit, winter use, soup, spice, frozen food, sauce and relish, starvation food, forage fruit, soup, bread and cake. Also used as dye; Ceremonial items; season indicator; protection; waterproofing agent. |
Sandy soil, by rocks. Arctic to north U.S. a trailing shrub found in sandy soils and near exposed rock from the Arctic south to the northern tier of American states. Bracken Grassland: sandy or rocky soils in exposed sites in the northern part of the ceded territories. |
| Beardtongue, Slender | Penstemon gracilis | Medicinal Plants | Perennial from a short rootcrown. In North Dakota, plants grow about 12 -1 8 inches tall. Leaves are narrow, opposite, and about three inches long at the base of the plant, but are reduced in size upwards. The leaves are hairless, but have a few widely spaced teeth on the margins. About 10 - 15 pale violet-blue flowers about 3/4 inch long are clustered at the top of the plant. Capsules about 1/4 inch long contain the tiny, dark brown seeds. Beardtongues get their name from the single sterile stamen that bears a tuft of hairs. This thread-like male organ protrudes from the flower like a tongue. | Generally: Root decoctions of the beardtongues were used for toothache. | Native prairie pastures. Ontario to British Columbia south to Nebraska and along the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains at elevations up to 7,500 ft. |
| Bergamot, Lemon, Lemon Monarda, Lemon Beebalm | Monarda citriodora [Monarda pectinata Nutt.], literature confuses the two | Medicinal Plants | Annual/Perennial. Strong lemon scent. Whorls of lavender flowers in ascending tiers from July to August. The scented flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees. The plant is self-fertile. It is noted for attracting wildlife. | Used as Food. | Limestone barrens and slopes. |
| Bergamot, Wild, Purple Bee-Balm, Horsemint | Monarda fistulosa | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 2 - 3 ft. Leaves paired; triangular to oval or lance-shaped. Flowers lavender; narrow, lipped tubes in crowded heads; May - Sept. Bracts slightly purple-tinged. Square stem. Opposite, lance-shaped leaves are toothed and aromatic when crushed. In July and August the pinkish or pale lilac, lipped flowers bloom in large terminal clusters. | Generally: Chewed leaves were placed in the nostrils to relieve headaches, a decoction of the root and flowers was administered for worms, a poultice of moistened dry flowers and leaves was used as a dressing for burns, an infusion of flowers and leaves was used as a skin wash, and the steam of the boiled plant was inhaled to treat respiratory problems. Leaf tea for colic, flatulence, colds, fevers, stomachaches, nosebleeds, insomnia, heart trouble; in measles to induce sweating; poulticed leaves fo headaches. Also used as food-preservative, beverage, special; cooking tools; incense & fragrance; insecticide. | Dry wood edges, thickets. Que. to Ga.; La., e. texas, Okla. to N.D., Minn. Bracken Grassland: clearings, thickets, prairies, fields, and along edges of dry fields. |
| Blazing Star, Rough, Blazing-Star, Gayfeather, Dense Gayfeather, Button Snakewood | Liatris spicata, L.pycnostachya, L.aspera | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 6-30 in. Leaves althernate, linear. Rose-purple flowers with 25-30 florets, in crowded, sessile or short-stalked heads on a crowded spike; Aug - Sept. Wide, rounded bracts. Liatris spicata (Blazing Star) is a rare wild plant found principally in the southern Appalachians. Another variety Liatris spicata var. resinosa is similar but grows in the coastal plain region in moist pine barrens and savannahs. Cultivated varieties are garden favorites. | Dry soils, prairies. Ohio to N.C.; La., Texas to North Dakota. | |
| Bloodroot, Blood-root, Name Blood Root, Indian Paint, Tetterwort, Red Pucoon, Red Root, Paucon, Coon Root, Snakebite, Sweet Slumber, Dill | Sanguinaria canadensis | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 6-12 in. Juice is orange. Leaves distincly round-lobed. White, to 2 in., with 8 - 10 petals; flowers appear before or with leaves; March - June. Early spring ephemeral, and flowers in April and May. Single white flower has 8-10 petals and is between 3 and 12 in. taller than the leaf. Wrapping aorund the stem of the flower is the single, lobed leaf. The juice of the broken stem is orange or blood-colored. | Generally: Root tea for rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, lung ailments, laryngitis, fevers; also as an emetic. Root juice is applied to warts, also used as a dye and as a decorative skin stain. Also used for red dye, orange-yellow, yellow; Ceremonial; paint-skin. | Rich woods. Nova Scotia to Fla. east to Texas to Manitoba. Northern Mesic Forest: medium to rich woods and forests. |
| Bluestem, Big | Andropogon gerardii | Medicinal Plants | Coarse grass; 4 - 7 ft. Large clumps. Stem bluish. Flowers in a purplish to bronze-green raceme. Bristlelike awn (slender, bristlelike appendage) projects from stalkless flowers-stiff, sharply bent, to 3/4 in. long. Awn absent on stalked flowers. Its flowering parts form a three-parted spike resembling a turkey's foot, hence its other common name. Grows to 10 ft.; found in clumps. | Also used for fiber-building material; containers; arrows; toys and games. | Prairies, open ground. Que., Maine. to Fla., Texas; north to Minnesota., Wyo., Sask., Man. Prairie: sandy soils in remaining prairies that are inter-mixed with jack pine plantations and scrub oak thickets. Big bluestem is now being planted along the highways in attempts to restore prairies in certain areas. |
| Buffaloberry, Silver, Thorny Buffaloberry, Buffaloberry | Shepherdia argentea | Medicinal Plants | Deciduous shrub, thorny, 6 - 10 ft. tall. Summer foliage: opposite leaf arrangement; simple, deciduous leaves; linear to elliptic leaf shape; 1 to 2 long; entire leaf margin covered in silvery-brown scales; pubescent; medium green leaf color; however looks silvery. Flowers: dioecious, yellowish small blooms in early May; not showy. Fruit: yellowish-orange achene, ovoid, up to 1/4 long, matures in July. Bark: young stems covered in silver tomentose older bark brown and flaking. | Used as for food-preserves, forage, pudding, dried, fruit, winter use, porridge; red dye. | Midwestern United States. |
| Cactus, Prickly Pear Cactus | Opuntia macrorhiza | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 6 - 18 inches tall; Flowers: May - July | Generally: In times of food shortage, Native Americans ate its fruit either raw or stewed. Also used for Food-dried, winter use. | Occurs in native prairie and pasture land, often in overgrazed areas, and on rocky hillsides. Prefers sandy, gravelly or rocky soils. |
| Cactus, Prickly-Pear Cactus | Opuntia humifusa | Medicinal Plants | Cactus; to 1 ft. Jointed pads have tufts of bristles, usually sharp spines. Large, showy yellow flowers; May - Aug | Generally; Peeled pads poulticed on wounds, applied juice of fruits to warts, and drank pad tea for lung ailments. Also used for food-dried, fruit, starvation; dye; toys & games-cactus game. | Dry soils. Mass. to Fla.; Texas to Minnesota. Our most common eastern cactus. |
| Cattail, Cat Tail, Soft Flag, Cattail Flag, Cat Tail Weeds, Broad Leaved Cat Tail, American Cat Tail | Typha latifolia | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 4 - 8 ft., forming thick stands. Leaves swordlike. Stiff, erect flowering stalks, topped with yellow, pollen-laden male flowers above hot dog-shaped, brown female flowerheads. May - July. 3 - 9 ft. It has stiff stems and long, thin, blade-like leaves that have a D shape in cross section. Flowers occur from May to July. Female flowers are in a tight, cigar-shaped, brown cluster near the tip of the stem. The male flowers occur above the females on the stem, are thinner and lighter brown, and fall off the stem earlier than the females.The new shoots are edible in the spring, while the roots supply a good source of starch for flour. | Generally: Poultice of jelly-like pounded roots on wounds, sores, boils, carbuncles, inflammations, burns, and scalds. Also used as food-porridge, cakes, mush, dried, staple, vegetable; fiber-mats, rugs, bedding, building material, clothing, basketry; Ceremonial; containers; good luck charm; hunting & fishing; waterproofing agent; cooking tools; decorations-headdresses. | Fresh marshes, ponds. Aquatic: shallow water and in ditches. |
| Cedar, Northern White Cedar, Arbor Vitae, White Cedar, Thuja, Swamp cedar | Thuja occidentalis | Medicinal Plants | Evergreen tree; to 60 ft. Leaves in flattened sprays; small, appressed, overlapping. Cones bell - shaped, with loose scales. | Generally: Leaf tea for headaches, colds; also in cough syrups; in steam baths for rheumatism, arthritis, colds, congestion, headaches, gout; externally, as a wash for swollen feet, and burns. Inner-bark tea used for congestion and coughs. For malaria, gout, scurvy, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, and coughs. Also used for food -beverage; fiber-canoe material, caulking material, basketry; hunting & fishing-spears, arrows; incense & fragrance-perfume, incense; insecticide-moths; hide preparation; fuel; Sacred; Ceremonial; protection. | Swamps; cool, rocky woods. Nova Scotia. to Ga. mountains; northern Ill. to Minnesota. |
| Cherokee Canteen | Curcubita foetidissima or Lagenaria siceraria ? | Gourd | |||
| Cherokee Club | Curcubita foetidissima or Lagenaria siceraria ? | Gourd | |||
| Cherokee Nest Egg | Curcubita foetidissima or Lagenaria siceraria ? | Gourd | |||
| Cherry, Choke Cherry, Chokecherry | Prunus virginiana | Medicinal Plants | Shrub or small tree; to 20 ft. Smaller than Black Cherry. Leaves oval, sharp-toothed, midrib hairless. Flowers white in a thicker raceme April - July. Fruits reddish. Small white-arching clusters of flowers appear in May to June, when the leaves are nearly grown. Round fruit is red, purple, or black, has a large pit, and is borne in loose clusters. Fruit rippens in July and August and although it is astringent to taste, it was eaten fresh or dried by Native Americans. | Also used as Food-fruit, beverage, preserves, dried, soup, spice, cakes, pudding, syrup, pudding, winter use; fiber-backrests, lumber, furniture; incense tongs; bows and arrow shafts; fasteners; Ceremonial; paint; season indicator. | Thickets. Nfld. to N.C. Mo., Kans. to Sask. Aspen/Birch: Often grows in a clump of many shoots and is found in open sandy soils such as along roadsides and wood edges. |
| Clover, Nineanther Prairie, Nineanther dahlia, Plume dalea, Arrow-weed, Slender Parosela | Dalea enneandra | Medicinal Plants | Perennial from a thick, orangish woody base and taproot. One to three thin, smooth stems about thirty inches long form on North Dakota specimens, but plants from more southernly populations are much taller. Stems are densely branched on the upper half. Leaves are only about one inch long and bear three to six pairs of tiny, narrow leaflets that are heavily dotted with dark resin glands. One to three dozen white flowers, each about a quarter inch long, form two rows in narrow spikes about 2 to 3 inches long. Long hairs on the flower bases form silky plumes. The tiny pods (legumes) contain about a dozen smooth, yellow seeds. | Generally: Other Daleas in the western United States were used to dye skins and for teas taken for coughs and colds. Also used as hunting & fishing items-arrows; toys & games. | Dry prairie hillsides, especially in calcareous soils. Reaches the northern limit of its range in the North Dakota counties of Morton, Grant, and Sioux. Elsewhere, the plant can be found from northwestern Missouri southwestward to New Mexico and Texas at elevations below 4,000 feet. |
| Clover, White Prairie, Prairie clover Toothache Remedy (Comanche, Kiowa, Ponca, Blackfoot, and Lakota) | Dalea candida, [Petalostemon candidus(Willd.) Michx. -ydberg | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 1 - 2 feet tall; Flowers: June - August | Generally: Some Native American tribes used the pulverized leaves to create a medicinal application for fresh wounds. Plant used as toothache medicine, roots are said to have a sweet taste. Also ate the roots or chewed on them as gum. Also used as food-delicacy; Ceremonial items-wind chant. | |
| Cohash, Blue ginseng, Papoose root, Women's root, Yellow genseng | Caulophyllum thalictroides | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 1 - 2 ft. smooth-stemmed; stem and leaces covered with bluish film. Leaves divided into 3 (occasionally 5) leaflets with 2-3 lobes. Greenish yellow to brown, in terminal clusters; April - June, before leaves expand. Fruit bright blue berry type, 1 - 3 ft. | Generally: Infusions and decoctions of the roots, Root tea used extensively to aid labor, treat profuse menstruation, abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, lung ailments, fevers; emetic. Brew to ease childbirth pains and to relieve cramps. Root taken as a contraceptive and used by both sexes to treat genitourinary conditions. Used widely for rheumatism, anxiety, bronchitis, colic, sore throat and other ailments. The cohash is probably derived from the Algonquian word Kóshki, meaning "it is rough". | Northern Mesic: Moist rich deciduous woods. N.B. to S.C.; Ark., N.D. to Manitoba. Dominated by sugar maple and a small extent contains basswood, yellow birch, hemlock, red maple, and white pine. Northern Mesic Forests. |
| Cohash?, Black, Rattleroot | Actaea racemosa? Cimicifuga racemosa? Astragalus americanus? Astragalus convallarius? Astragalus allochrous? Prenanthes alata? Baptisia bracteata? |
Medicinal Plants | Direct sunlight. | ||
| Cohosh, Black, Rattle weed, Rattleweed, Black Bugbane, Rattleroot | Cimicifuga racemosa | Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 3-8 ft. Leaves thrice-divided; sharply toothed; terminal leaflet 3-lobed, middle lobe largest. White, in very long spikes; May-September. Tufts of stamens conspicuous. | Generally: Used for menstrual irregularities and to aid childbirth. Research has shown that Black Cohash reduces levels of a hormone associated with hot flashes. Extracts in root used in treatment of menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes. | Rich woods. Southern Ontario to Ga.; Ark., Mo. to Wisconsin. |
| Columbine, Red Columbine, Wild columbine | Aquilegia canadensis | Medicinal Plants | Perenial; 1 - 2 ft. Leaves divided in 3's. Flowers drooping, bell-like, with 5 spur like appendages at top; April - July | Generally: Minute amounts of crushed seeds used for headaches, love charm, fevers. Seeds rubbed into hair to control lice. Root chewed or weak tea for diarrhea, stomach troubles, diuretic. Root tea for uterine bleeding. Also used for: incense and fragrance. | Moist rich woods. Southern Canada southward. |
| Coneflower, Prairie, Upright prairie coneflower, Columnar prairie coneflower, Long headed coneflower, Mexican hat, Coneflower , Yellow Coneflower | Ratibida columnifera [Ratibida columnaris] Sims |
Medicinal Plants | Perennial; 1 - 2 feet tall; Flowers: May - July flower has a black, cone-shaped head from which the yellow, ray-like petals droop. This flower's cousin is Mexican Hat. Very hardy and adaptable to different soil types. | Also used for food-beverage; cooking tool-nipple. | Found on prairies, open waste ground, and roadsides. Native to the Midwestern US. |
| Corn (Cree) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn (Santa Domingo) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Sweet (Mandan) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, (1000 Year Old) | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States, specifically Sacaton AZ. |
| Corn, (800 Year Old) Cave | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, (Odawa) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Amarillo | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Bear Island | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Bear Island Flint (Chippewa) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Bear Island, Minnesota. |
| Corn, Blue (Navajo) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Blue and White Dent (Cherokee) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Blue Flint (Mandan) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Blue Flour (Lenape, Delaware) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Blue Flour (Mandan) | Zia Maize, (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Blue Flour (Winnebago) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Blue Flour (Zuni) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | New Mexico. | |
| Corn, Burleigh County (Dakota Woman's) | Zia Maize, (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | North Dakota. |
| Corn, Capuli | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Chaminco | Zia Maize | Corn | High altitude flour corn. Open pollinated. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Peru. |
| Corn, Chaska | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Cheqche | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Chihuanhuay | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Chullpi | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Confites | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Culli | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Flint (Devils Lake) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Flour (Cherokee) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Golden Sweet (Chippewa) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Granada | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Hominy (Oneida) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Hominy Flint (Iroquois) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | New York state. |
| Corn, Indian | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States; specifically Sacaton, AZ. |
| Corn, Misti | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Multi Color (Mandan) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Northern White Flint | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Nuetta Sweet (Mandan) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | North Dakota. | |
| Corn, Oqqueto | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Oto Soft White | Zia Maize, (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Nebraska. |
| Corn, Paraccay | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Peruanita | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Pescco runtu | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Pod | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Red (Winnebago) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Red Clay (Mandan) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Red Flour (Mandan) | Zia Maize, (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Red Flour (Papago) | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States, specifically Sacaton AZ. |
| Corn, Red Oklahoma (Quapaw) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Red Sweet (Chippewa) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Saqsa | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Short Ear (Iroquois) | Zia Maize (dent type) | Corn | Fremont Dent is large-eared: A cross of Chapalote (10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels) and Harinoso de Ocho (ears larger than Chapalote, bearing 8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels). | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonia; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Southwest United States. |
| Corn, Soft White (Pima) | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States; specifically Sacaton, AZ. |
| Corn, Soup (Winnebago) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Striped, Red-yellow | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States; specifically Sacaton, AZ. |
| Corn, Sweet (Micmac) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Sweet (Odawa) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Sweet (Papago) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Sacaton, AZ . | |
| Corn, Sweet (Pawnee) | Zia Maize, (sweet corn type) | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Nebraska. | |
| Corn, Sweet, Hubbard Bantam, King Philip (Wampanoag) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | New England: Rhode Island and Mass., primarily. | |
| Corn, Tama Flint (Kickapoo) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Thunder Flint (Potawatomi) | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Tortilito (Santa Domingo) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, USA | Zia Maize (dent type) | Corn | Fremont Dent is large-eared: A cross of Chapalote (10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels) and Harinoso de Ocho (ears larger than Chapalote, bearing 8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels). | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Southwest United States. |
| Corn, Uwina | Zia Maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, Water Chief Speckled (Mandan) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | North Dakota. |
| Corn, White (Micmac) | Zia maize | Corn | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | ||
| Corn, White Flint (Mandan) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | North Dakota. |
| Corn, White Flour | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States, specifically Sacaton, AZ. |
| Corn, White Flour (Mandan) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Wichita Black Flour | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & tishing; toys & games; decorations. | Oklahoma. |
| Corn, Yellow Flint (Mandan) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Yellow Flint (Pipestone Canada Sioux) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | |
| Corn, Yellow Flour (Mandan) | Zia Maize (Maiz de Ocho type) | Corn | The ancient race Harinoso de Ocho (8 rows of large broad brown or grey kernels) evolved into Maize de Ocho (large-eared) and spread Northward and to the east to become the predominant corn type grown in the Upper Midwest, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeast. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | North Dakota. |
| Corn, Yellow Flour (Papago) | Zia Maize (chapalote type) | Corn | The ears are small, with 10, 12, or 14 rows of deep, narrow, chocolate brown kernels. | Generally: Pumpkins and other species of squash, along with beans and corn, are considered the three sisters and are planted together. The bean vines use the cornstalks as supports and fixed nitrogen in the soil. The large squash leaves shade the soil and help hold moisture in it. Also used for food; fiber; containers; Ceremonial; tools; hunting & fishing; toys & games; decorations. | Mexico and the Southwest United States, specifically Sacaton AZ. |
| Cotton, (Pima-Hopi) | Gossypium hopi | Cotton | Sacaton, AZ. | ||
| Cow Pea, Southern Pea, Crowder Pea, Blackeye Pea, Bean, Asparagus bean, Black-eyed bean, China bean, Field pea, Long bean, Red pea, Yard-long bean | Vigna unguiculata | Bean | Cowpea is not a pea but a member of the bean family used for its immature pods, as a green shell or dry bean. Cowpea is available in vining, semi-vining, and bush types. Bush types mature early and are most suitable for h |